It seems increasingly clear that climate change has led us into a new geological era, the Anthropocene. But what results from the fact that we live in the Anthropocene for climate protection? The Anthropocene is a concept that offers different possibilities of interpretation. In this article, the approach that the Anthropocene requires a “World Social Contract” for a Great Transformation is compared with a conflict-oriented approach that the legal representation of conflicts between culture and nature relies on the recognition of the conflict actors involved. However in contrast, this article supports a third interpretation: the transnationalization of existing legal systems could develop a jurisprudential concept for describing the challenges of the Anthropocene.